EXPLORING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GUT MICROBIOTA AND TYPE 1 & 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

This project explores the relationship between gut microbiota and the development and progression of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM and T2DM). T1DM is primarily autoimmune in origin, while T2DM is closely linked to metabolic dysfunctions such as insulin resistance and obesity.

The human gut hosts trillions of microorganisms, whose collective genome plays a significant role in host metabolism, immune regulation, and overall health. Research indicates that alterations in gut microbiome composition (dysbiosis) are associated with both types of diabetes, influencing insulin sensitivity, inflammatory responses, and glucose metabolism.

This study reviews how factors such as diet, geography, and genetics affect microbial diversity and highlights the potential of targeting the gut microbiome through probiotics, prebiotics, and dietary interventions as an alternative therapeutic approach. Trans-ethnic variations in microbial signatures further show the complex interaction between host and microbiome in the context of diabetes development.